Question: What operating systems will docker run under?
Answer: Docker will run in a Windows Server, or a Linux Server environment. It will also run on a windows 10 box. Pluralsight mentions that it will also run on Mac computers.
Windows 10 – out of the box, docker is running Linux containers. But there is a switch to Windows containers. The first time you do this it enables the HyperV service. Once you switch to Windows contains, the Linux containers no longer work.
Question: Can a windows user run a Linux process?
Answer: Yes, it seems like docker (on Windows 10) has a switch where you can switch between Windows and Linux. Check out the graphic below:
In this case I am running Linux containers. When I activate the ‘Switch to Windows Containers…’ it will run the Windows Containers. I assume Windows Servers can run both Linux and Windows simultaneously (but I would need to try this)